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Citrate — a closely related molecule of citric acid — is the first molecule that forms during a process called the citric acid cycle. No scientific studies exist investigating the safety of manufactured citric acid when consumed in large amounts for long periods. Melaku M, Zhong R, Han H, et al. Butyric and citric acids and their salts in poultry nutrition: effects on gut health and intestinal microbiota. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 27;22(19):10392. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910392 Sweis IE, Cressey BC. Potential role of the common food additive manufactured citric acid in eliciting significant inflammatory reactions contributing to serious disease states: a series of four case reports. Toxicology Reports. 2018;5:808-812. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.002
For example, calcium citrate doesn’t require stomach acid for absorption. It also has fewer side effects — such as gas, bloating, or constipation — than another form called calcium carbonate ( 15, 16). Kidney stones are often treated with citric acid as potassium citrate. However, consuming foods high in this natural acid — like citrus fruits — can offer similar kidney-stone-preventing benefits ( 3, 24). SummarySimilarly, magnesium in the citrate form is absorbed more completely and more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate ( 17, 18, 19). May protect against kidney stones One report found joint pain with swelling and stiffness, muscular and stomach pain, as well as shortness of breath in four people after they consumed foods containing manufactured citric acid ( 4). Mineral supplements, such as magnesium and calcium, may also contain citric acid (in the form of citrate) to enhance absorption. Disinfecting and cleaning The Chancellor Jeremy Hunt has today (Wednesday 22 November) announced a range of tax, benefits and savings measures. We round up the key announcements and what they mean for you.
The citric acid listed in the ingredients of foods and supplements is manufactured — not what’s naturally found in citrus fruits ( 4). Citric acid is commercially sold as a general disinfectant and cleaning agent for removing soap scum, hard water stains, lime, and rust. Cairns TC, Nai C, Meyer V. How a fungus shapes biotechnology: 100 years of Aspergillus niger research. Fungal Biology and Biotechnology. 2018;5(1):13. doi:10.1186/s40694-018-0054-5 NatWest, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Ulster Bank, which are all part of the NatWest Group, will now shut at least 172 of their bank branches in 2023 and 2024.Manufactured citric acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ( 5). Autumn Statement: Workers to pay less in national insurance – but rate cuts don't offset the freezing of personal tax thresholds Citric acid enhances the bioavailability of minerals, allowing your body to better absorb them ( 12, 13, 14). Citric acid — in the form of potassium citrate — prevents new kidney stone formation and breaks apart those already formed ( 20, 21, 22). Also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle, these chemical reactions in your body help transform food into usable energy ( 11).
It’s added to medicines to help stabilize and preserve the active ingredients and used to enhance or mask the taste of chewable and syrup-based medications ( 6). Ciriminna R, Meneguzzo F, Delisi R, Pagliaro M. Citric acid: emerging applications of key biotechnology industrial product. Chemistry Central Journal. 2017;11(1):22. doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0251-yIt’s also sometimes added to canned fruits and vegetables to protect against botulism, a rare but serious illness caused by the toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum bacterium. Medicines and dietary supplements
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